The internet is now essential in the dissemination of scientific knowledge in the health sciences, and linguists are increasingly studying its influence in their rhetorical practices. Addressing an e-journal case study, this book analyses peer review contributions in Open Health Science. It identifies their constituent rhetorical elements and employs comparative discourse analysis to analyse online response types on thebmj.com and study their associations and significant differences in their organization of discourse. This book will be an invaluable tool for authors and those interested in contributing to open peer review in the health sciences and it will be welcomed by a broad range of readers, from undergraduate university students to professional researchers in medicine.